In the Translator’s Workshop: Judit Pieldner Interviews Jozefina Komporaly about Translating Andrea Tompa’s “Home” (Haza)


Judit Pieldner

JP: So, it was both personal and stylistic; a lot of factors contributed to your choice. How did you pitch your translation project to a publisher? What were its challenges and how do you regard the translator’s agency in this respect?

Jozefina Komporaly

JK: Well, I didn’t immediately pitch it to a publisher. First, I had done a couple of samples. With this book it was slightly easier than in the case of other works that I translated to find self-standing sections that could be translated and shared publicly. The first one I translated was “Copper Flowers” [“Rézvirágok”] and I sent it to Apofenie, which is an online translation platform focusing predominantly on cultures from East Central Europe. They liked it and published it almost immediately. That inspired me and told me that maybe this can happen, this project has mileage, and then I translated another section, “Tongue in Mouth” [“Nyelv a szájban”]. I sent that to World Literature Today and, again, it was well received, they published it and commissioned, very importantly, a translator’s note in which they’d given me the space to talk about the translation process, the importance of the book. After that I thought, okay, now I’m going to look out for a publisher. I contacted several, which is often the case, it wasn’t a situation where the publisher had already known the book and just commissioned me. So, I contacted a number of publishers who work in the field of East Central European literature, often publishing houses that I’d had previous contact with. I sent them a sample, a synopsis and general information about the book and was waiting for responses. There were a few that went ‘yes, maybe, perhaps come back to us later’. A number of months went by until, finally, and this is what you probably want to hear, I was successful in attracting the attention of Istros Books, led by the amazing Susan Curtis, who at that time was looking to publish women writers. This was also the first Hungarian book they published, and it still is the only Hungarian book they published to date. Istros has recently celebrated fifteen years of publishing, so I can only hope that there will be scope for at least another Hungarian title in the forthcoming decade! At the time, they were considering a new avenue, and I think Susan simply liked the sample and was interested in Andrea’s profile and politics as a woman writer and an outspoken public figure, and that is how eventually we arrived at a contract and then publication a few years down the line.

JP: This is an amazing success! It must have been a gradual process but finally it came out really successful. How did you cooperate with the author? What preliminary decisions did you make together?

JK: We kept in touch throughout and the irony is that we had actually never met before, which is hard to believe because we are more or less the same age and have lived in the same city, although not at the same time. Yes, I suppose our connection was virtual prior to this, and we didn’t really come up with any kind of preliminary agreements, but as and when I had questions, I contacted her. I don’t want to pre-empt some of my answers because I suspect that we’re going to talk about the title and so on, but there were a few things that we did discuss further down the line and where Andrea had a very strong vision that we took into account. I should also say that, in addition to keeping a close contact with the writer, it is very important in the case of publications into English, but probably other languages too, to keep in touch with the publisher and their expectations, their standards, their requirements, because otherwise you might find yourself in the position where you need to make alterations at a later point. So, there are a number of perspectives and philosophies that have to be in sync in order to produce a book.

JP: You were mentioning that there were a lot of things that appealed to you in terms of style, in terms of the character of this book. What were the major challenges when it comes to translating this text?

JP: This is very exciting also for the Hungarian reader, who cannot decide upon the gender of the protagonist either, for a while. And indeed, the “our protagonist,” as we can find in your translation, offers us a very opportune solution for this situation. I was wondering about the title. Given the subtle differences between the Hungarian “Haza” and the English “Home,” what choices did you weigh when translating the title of the novel?

JP: Indeed, that was the best choice possible. Another interesting thing that struck my attention while reading the book in English that there are some lexical items that carry semantic nuances that are important in the text and that work differently in the English language. This most probably made the text really very challenging to translate. Could you provide a few examples where you had to really think about how to keep some semantic nuances in translation?

Another situation I agonized over is in the chapter “Szerelmes apám” that I translated as “My Beloved Father,” where they are talking about the surveillance material, secret police material on this protagonist. In the Hungarian, this reads as “milyen irányú anyag, mi az előjele,” and this phrase involves terms which, outside the complex cultural context of the socialist regime of surveillance and control, are quite tricky to convey. In the end, I decided to use gist for “irány,” which of course is not a literal translation of that term (that would be ‘direction’), but I felt that it hinted at substance and the need for acknowledging contextual references. It kind of summed up how these indications around that material would be indirectly present in that term. And then, when a few paragraphs later in that same chapter the term “előjel” comes up, I put “indicative signs”, because we are talking about how somebody reading that material at a quick glance could get a sense of what they might be about. So, this definitely was a challenge, and in so many ways further contextual material or further explanation would probably be necessary, but smuggling in additional information into works of fiction that are already quite complex and wordy is not an easily available route, and besides, some of these references are not explicit in the original, either. Most publishers are also quite reluctant to include footnotes or glossaries, because they feel that this slows down the reader, pulls them out of that flow, that immersion into the reading. In this day and age of online information being available so easily, if somebody is very interested, they can find out for themselves. I don’t agree a hundred per cent with this, because people may not make the extra effort, but I totally think that readers should not be patronized and, indeed, if they want to find out more, that is certainly possible for them.

I don’t know if you have time for more examples. An interesting one could be in the chapter “Nem vagyok emigráns”/“I’m Not an Émigré”, where the term “cigánykerék” comes up, translated as “cartwheel,” which is the English equivalent of that physical exercise that both protagonists, the mother and the son, carry out. But, of course, in the Hungarian “cigány” means ‘gypsy’ and there is a riffing on that particular connotation in the text, which could not be included in the English term “cartwheel.” So I opened it up and put in an additional explanation: they both do cartwheels, talk about how the mother can still do cartwheels and has taught the son, “‘Why are cartwheels called ‘gypsy wheels’ in their mother tongue?’ he asks somewhat surprised, frowning as if this was a dirty word. He’s ten. […] Gypsies didn’t have wheels, she explains. ‘They didn’t have all four wheels,’ the Son snaps, without missing a beat.” In Hungarian this reads: “Cigánykerekezni még tud és szeret is, a Fiút is megtanította. Miért cigány?, kérdezi megütközve a Fiú, homlokát ráncolva, mintha valami csúnya szót hallott volna. Tízéves. […] A cigányoknak nem volt kereke, magyarázza neki. Nem volt ki a négy kereke, vágja rá a Fiú röhögve, gondolkodás nélkül.” So yes, there is a slight loss, but hopefully,  the bridge/connection is still there, nonetheless.

JP: Yes, the book is full of such instances where it’s a really challenging task for the translator, and these are really ingenious solutions. Another, probably very challenging, aspect of the book is its intertextuality. It’s very dense with a lot of references, from the Bible, through The Odyssey, to the Russian émigrés. How did you work with the overt and even covert forms of intertextuality? How did you handle these text places where there were references to other works?

JP: Another interesting aspect of this novel is that it contains a lot of foreign inclusions, English, Russian, French and Spanish text parts. When it comes to translation, what is the strategy to be chosen here?

JP: Very interesting! You come from Transylvania, like Andrea Tompa herself, and so you are familiar with some regional variations of the Hungarian language which pop up from time to time in the book. Did you face any challenges in translating some dialectal forms of the Hungarian language, some regional references, and how important do you consider to convey this regional aspect to the global readership?

JP: I am from Transylvania too and I also feel these subtle nuances but, indeed, this is maybe not of primary importance to convey for the global readership. The English translation plays a significant role in making Andrea Tompa’s work accessible on a global level, even facilitating its translation into other languages. What has been the most rewarding aspect of translating this book and how do you hope this translation contributes to the reception of the author’s work internationally?

The Dublin Longlist was also a nice recognition. We did not win, but I think the fact that the book was included and had the opportunity to be showcased through the Dublin Literary Award platform, helped with the circulation. Our involvement with English PEN, who subsidized the translation – and I should say thank you to them on this occasion as well – was another opportunity, because only a selection of projects can get this award and it is based on merit and a thorough application process. It certainly helped with the book entering a circuit of visibility, at least within the UK literary landscape. Obviously, publications in journals subsequent to the book coming out helped, as well. I mentioned already that a few samples were published before, that was the first step, and after the book was commissioned and when it came out, we got requests for further excerpts, so I published excerpts in the Los Angeles Review and in Wasafiri, which is a publication based at Queen Mary University of London, a magazine focusing on postcolonial and decolonial work primarily, and they really loved the piece. Hungarian Literature Online, which is a forum for recent work appearing in English, requested a sample and they published it in parallel with announcing the publication.

Other than that, hopefully the journey of the book continues and it will be read by more readers, hopefully it will be reviewed further and, in that way, continue to circulate. I think it is very important to promote the books we translate, and it’s a process that continues over time. So, there’s a lot of preparation prior to the book being commissioned and translated, but it’s equally important to deal with it afterwards, too, because, let’s face it, there is plenty of competition. There are lots of publications coming out in English every day and unless somebody champions the book, writes about it, promotes it, takes it to events, takes it to festivals, it is less likely to circulate. So, I haven’t given up just yet. I’ve written about my translation process a number of times, such as the WLT piece I mentioned. I wrote an article for the Feminist Translation Network on this project, together with some other translations of mine, showcasing this book as well and the collaboration between three women, Andrea, myself and Susan Curtis as publisher, and how important it is to bring women’s voices together, I spoke about the book at the London Book Fair in 2025, where I was invited to be on a panel. So I’m actively looking for opportunities to champion this book and indeed Hungarian and Romanian literature more generally.

JP: This is amazing, congratulations! You translate contemporary Hungarian and Romanian literature into English. How do you regard the translator’s role in bringing the voices of smaller cultures to a global audience?

Let’s not forget a very important element, which is the financial one: even though, often enough, I would find an interested publisher, unless the funds can be secured for the book to be brought out, they will not proceed. A lot of Hungarian and Romanian literature is published by independent publishers who do not have massive budgets. So, they really need subsidies, they really need to apply for funding. Translators play an important role in urging this to happen, in filling out forms and providing the necessary information on the books they champion. The PEN Translates Award came to us that way. I should also acknowledge here the award from the Petőfi Literary Fund – for this book and some of my other translations. I’ve done a lot of actual translation work at the Hungarian Translators’ House at Balatonfüred, this most amazing creative space where I can focus like nowhere else in the world and produce outcomes in a relatively short amount of time that is much more coherent than when I work from my messy desk at home in London, where I have lots of other commitments. So, all these things are very important and, yes, I cannot quite imagine a situation where a translator from my source languages would not have to be proactive.

JP: Thank you! One last question: what projects are you currently working on and what are your longer-term plans, what directions do you hope your future translation work will take?

JK: If only I knew the answer to all of these! I have some thoughts, for sure. I just got a piece accepted in a US-based translation journal, an excerpt from a novel by Gábor T. Szántó, that’s really exciting! This is a new author for me and a new project that hopefully will grow in time. I often translate samples from authors and then hope that they get published and/or there is an interest from publishers and then I can be more public about them. I can mention my longer-term project of working on Melinda Mátyus’s work. I published a book by her with Ugly Duckling Presse based in New York, a really exciting indie publisher, and they brought out MyLifeandMyLife, and we actually had the opportunity to promote that in New York last year. So that was very successful and I’m hoping to translate more of her fiction and I’m in discussion with publishers around that. Let’s see what happens. I have a few projects from Romanian, for example, I am working on Alina Nelega’s book, Ca și cum nu s-ar fi întâmplat nimic, which has been published in Hungarian and French to date. And then I have an ongoing theatre translation project, because I’m a theatre academic and have a number of Romanian plays by women in the pipeline. My most recent drama translation is Alaska by Elisa Wilk, a fragment of which we performed with my students. I’ve got the whole play translated now and have a few other texts ready, by Alexandra Badea among others. I would love to find an interested publisher to bring out a collection of Romanian women’s drama and equally, I’m actively looking for interested participants to fund showcases and events that would bring this work to life on stage. I’m in various conversations, let’s see if any of this will happen because these are difficult times. I don’t want to lower the tone at the end, but I do have to say that in the course of the last ten years when I’ve been dealing with translations, interest has gone up, but the possibility of making things happen have perhaps gone the other way, and right now there is a lot of delay, there is a lot of “Let me think, I’ll get back to you” kind of response. So you need even more enthusiasm, and even more stamina to get things done.

JP: Thank you very much and I wish you every success in your future translation projects and all these literary endeavours.

JK: Thank you so much to you, Judit, for inviting me and for your provocative and super exciting questions. It was a pleasure talking to you and sharing some of my experiences.


Judit Pieldner is researcher of literature and film, literary critic, and Associate Professor at the Department of Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Miercurea Ciuc, Romania. She obtained her PhD from Babeș–Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, in 2013. Her publications include: Beszédterek, képterek. Tanulmányok, kritikák (2007); Az értelmezés ideje. Tanulmányok, kritikák (2013); Szöveg, kép, mozgókép kapcsolatai Bódy Gábor és Jeles András filmművészetében (2015); Adaptation, Remediation and Intermediality: Forms of In-Betweenness in Cinema (2020). She is executive editor of the scientific journal Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica.

Jozefina Komporaly is Reader in Performance & Dramaturgy at the University of the Arts London and a literary translator from Hungarian and Romanian. She is editor and co-translator of the drama collections How to Explain the History of Communism to Mental Patients and Other Plays (Seagull, 2015), András Visky’s Barrack Dramaturgy (Intellect, 2017) and Plays from Romania: Dramaturgies of Subversion (Bloomsbury, 2021), and author of numerous publications on translation, adaptation and theatre, including the monographs Staging Motherhood: British Women Playwrights, 1956 to the Present (Palgrave, 2007) and Radical Revival as Adaptation: Theatre, Politics, Society (Palgrave, 2017). Her translations were produced by Foreign Affairs, Trap Door, Theatre Y, Trafika Europe Radio, Menagerie Theatre, and were among the finalists for the EBRD Literature Prize, longlisted for the Dublin Literary Award and recipients of the PEN Translates Grant. She is a member of the UK Translators Association.

Leave a Reply

Discover more from Reading in Translation

Subscribe now to keep reading and get access to the full archive.

Continue reading